They should only be held by the base of the tail, and their carapace supported with the other hand for short periods. Large armadillos may be picked up by the lateral edges of the carapace and smaller species grasped by the carapace with one hand. They will unroll themselves once they are placed on a hard surface. Tolypeutes species roll up into a ball when feeling threatened. Applying light lateral pressure on the carapace often calms them down. Armadillos are agile and will try to wriggle out of the handler's grip. Euphractus sexcinctus is the only species that may try to bite. Heavy gloves should be used while holding them to avoid scratches. Aguilar, Mariella Superina, in Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, VolPhysical RestraintĪrmadillos may defend themselves with their limbs and sharp claws when being caught. 13 Some technical problems, mainly related to the sensitivity of the sensor, may make it difficult to assess this parameter. 20 Other locations for placing the oximeter sensor are the jaw, the fingers, or even the palmar and plantar surface in small species. 10 There are also reports of sensor placement on the thigh of animals. Pulse oximetry is used in armadillos by placing the sensor on the tongue or penis. 2 With great care, mixed arterial and venous blood may be collected from the heart. Measurement of blood gases in armadillos is complicated by the difficulty in locating and sampling the arteries in these animals however, blood gases should be monitored when possible. maximus) of 48–60 and 4–20, and southern three-banded armadillo (T. nationi) of 81–115 and 28–47, nine-banded armadillo Dasypus sp. There are reports of HR (bpm) and RR (rpm) values, respectively, in southern naked-tailed armadillo of 79–98 and 38–43, Andean hairy armadillo (C. 10,13 HR and RR in anesthetized armadillos may vary by the species and drugs used. RR may be assessed by visual counting of respiratory movements ( Fig. HR may be monitored by cardiac auscultation using a pediatric stethoscope, by electrocardiogram, or indirectly by pulse oximetry. Therefore it is recommended to monitor both environmental and body temperatures simultaneously. 2,15 In addition, they are strongly influenced by the environmental temperature. In these species, it is usually low, varying from 30☌ to 35☌. 13,20 Attention should be paid to significant changes in body temperature. In armadillos the induction process is the time when most anesthetic emergencies occur. Gianmarco Rojas Moreno, in Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy, VolAnesthetic Monitoring in Armadillos Uses in research include studies of leprosy ( Job, 1991 Job et al., 1993), immunology ( Santos-Argumedo et al., 1995), respiratory physiology ( Frappell et al., 1998), reproduction ( Baggato et al., 2000), and metabolism ( Boily and Knight, 2004).Ĩ.5 mg/kg IM-up to 40 minutes anesthesia for minor surgeryĤ0 mg/kg IM 1 mg/kg IM up to 40 minutes anesthesia for minor surgeryħ.5 mg/kg IM 0.075 mg/kg IM up to 40 minutes anesthesia for minor surgeryĠ.0375 mg/kg IM standing within 1–16 minutesīlood may be collected from the superficial femoral vein of an anesthetized armadillo ( Divers, 1986) or the caudal tail vein located on the ventrum between the second, third, and fourth bony tail segments ( Gillespie, 2003). The nine-banded armadillo is the only edentate commonly used in biomedical research. Armadillos, as well as other edentates, have low thyroid activity, low metabolic rates, and low body temperatures (32–35☌), allowing them to survive long periods of apnea (30–40 minutes) ( Divers, 1986). After delayed implantation of one fertilized egg and a gestation of 120 days, four same-sex quadruplets are born ( Fox, 1999a, 199b). Leathery skin surrounds ossified dermal plates forming a hinged carapace that permits the armadillo to roll up into a ball. novemcinctus, weighing 3.7–7.7 kg, ranges from southern United States to Argentina. Xenarthrous vertebrae provide flexibility and support in edentates, especially the armadillo ( Gillespie, 2003). The new name for the Order Xenarthra, refers to xenarthrous vertebrae, which have secondary articulations between lumbar vertebrae as well as between the ischium and adjacent vertebrae. The former name of the Order Edentata, containing armadillos, sloths, and anteaters, suggests toothlessness, which is true only for the anteater ( Gillespie, 2003) ( Fig.
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